Who Was Abraham Lincoln? Book Read Aloud
Quick Facts
Birthday: Feb 12, 1809
Died At Historic period: 56
Sun Sign: Aquarius
Born Country: The states
Built-in in: Larue County, Kentucky, U.s.a.
Famous equally: 16th President of the U.s.a. (1861-1865)
Quotes By Abraham Lincoln Poorly Educated
Height: half-dozen'iv" (193 cm), 6'4" Males
political ideology: Republican (1854–1865), National Union (1864–1865)
Died on: Apr 15, 1865
place of death: Petersen House, Washington, D.C., United States
Ancestry: British Americans
Personality: INTP
Diseases & Disabilities: Asperger's Syndrome, Depression
Cause of Death: Assassination
U.S. State: Kentucky
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Who was Abraham Lincoln?
Turn the pages of America'south political history and you are sure to observe one man who outshines others and attracts the attending of all – Abraham Lincoln! Nicknamed Honest Abe or Father Abraham, Lincoln was, by far, one of the about powerful and greatest presidents that America has ever witnessed. Ascent from a small and humble beginning, it was his sheer determination and honest endeavor that led him to the nation's highest office. An astute politician and skillful lawyer, he played a vital role in the unification of the states. Leading from the front, he played a prominent role in abolishing slavery from the country, eventually giving people equal rights, irrespective of degree, color, or creed. He not simply envisioned just actually brought to the forefront a truly democratic authorities which was led past the concept 'by the people, of the people and for the people.' What'south more, Lincoln led the land when it faced its greatest constitutional, military, and moral crises. He not simply emerged victorious but was too effective in strengthening the national government and modernizing the economic system. He was a savior of the Spousal relationship and an emancipator of the slaves. Just like his astonishing rise to the meridian-notch position and his eventual governance, his death was every bit astounding as he became the kickoff US president ever to be assassinated. Since awards and honors did not be at the time, Abraham Lincoln was never felicitated with awards and honors. Withal, he is considered one of the pinnacle iii presidents of the Us. As per the presidential ranking polls conducted since 1948, Lincoln has been rated at the top in the majority of polls.
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Why is Abraham Lincoln considered equally one of the greatest Presidents of the The states of America?
Abraham Lincoln led the land when information technology faced its greatest constitutional, military, and moral crises. America was faced with Civil State of war and secession of the southern states from the union. Abraham Lincoln successfully tackled these multiple challenges. He preserved the Union, abolished slavery, strengthened the federal authorities, and modernized the U.S. economic system.
Leading from the forepart, Abraham Lincoln played a prominent office in abolishing slavery from the country, eventually giving people equal rights, irrespective of caste, color or creed. He not only envisioned but really brought to the forefront a truly democratic government which was led by the concept - 'by the people, of the people and for the people.'
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Abraham Lincoln was member of which political party?
Abraham Lincoln started his political career equally Whig Party member and later on became a Republican. He entered the Illinois Firm of Representatives for Sangamon County on Whig Party ticket in 1834 and was the fellow member of the state legislature till 1842. From 1847 to 1849, he represented Whig Party from Illinois in the U.S. Business firm of Representatives. In 1849, he left politics and returned to his law practice.
Abraham Lincoln re-entered politics in 1854, becoming a leader in the new Republican Party. He ran for the office of the President in 1860 and was elected on Republican Party's ticket. He was re-elected for a second term in 1864.
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Why was Abraham Lincoln assassinated?
Abraham Lincoln's assassin, John Wilkes Booth, was a Confederate sympathiser. Just five days before Lincoln's assassination Confederate General Robert E. Lee had surrendered his massive army at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, thus leading to the end of the American Civil War. With Lincoln's bump-off John Wilkes Booth wanted to revive the Confederate crusade. Booth was a supporter of slavery and believed that Lincoln was determined to overthrow the Constitution.
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Childhood & Early Life
Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, in a log motel near Hodgenville, Kentucky, to Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Lincoln. He had a younger brother named Thomas, who died in infancy, and an elderberry sister named Sarah.
Lincoln's father was a hardworking man. Through his relentless efforts, he became 1 of the richest men in the land. He was respected and honored by 1 and all. However, the riches did non last long as Thomas Lincoln lost everything, which led to the family shifting base to the present Spencer Canton in Indiana.
The Lincolns went to the 'Carve up Baptists' church and had opposing views on alcohol, dancing, and slavery. They believed in restrictive moral standards.
On Oct v, 1818, tragedy struck the family as Nancy Lincoln left for the heavenly abode after suffering from milk sickness. Her mortal remains were buried in a grave which was located just behind the family cabin. The death of his female parent had a devastating upshot on young Lincoln, who grew alienated from his father. However, the gap was bridged past his stepmother Sarah Bush Johnston whom he grew close to.
Considered lazy by many, due to his dislike for the hard labor associated with frontier life, Lincoln proved his doubters wrong as he grew up to exist responsible and defended. He completed all the chores expected of a boy from a household at the time and became adept at using an axe, a skill which he used to build track fences. He also dutifully gave all his earnings to his father.
Every bit far as his education is concerned, it is estimated that Lincoln did not take more than 18 months of formal education throughout his life. However, he made extraordinary efforts to reach knowledge. Though both his parents were illiterate and unschooled, they encouraged Lincoln to read and write, especially his stepmother Sarah.
He was an avid reader and had read all the popular books, including the Bible, several times. Thus, the knowledge and wisdom that Lincoln possessed were mostly self-taught.
The family unit shifted base to Coles Canton, Illinois in 1831, after fearing milk sickness. At the age of 22, Lincoln left his abode and set off on his own. His first cease was in the village of New Salem in Sangamon Canton, where he took upwards a task of transferring goods by flatboat from New Salem to New Orleans via Sangamon, Illinois and Mississippi rivers.
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Determinative Years
In 1832, Lincoln moved to New Orleans where he bought a small general shop along with a friend. Since the venture did not turn out to exist assisting, he sold his shares and tried his mitt at politics. He started campaigning for a seat at the 'Illinois General Assembly.'
Though Lincoln had gained popularity through his storytelling skills, his lack of formal teaching, money, and powerful friends led to his loss. While taking function in the assembly, Lincoln likewise served in the 'Blackness Hawk War' equally a captain in the 'Illinois Militia.'
Subsequently working as a postmaster and county surveyor, Lincoln started pursuing his dream of becoming a lawyer. He started reading police books to gain the knowledge required to sustain in the field. Lincoln's social and story-telling skills were honed during this phase of his life.
In 1834, his second campaign turned out to exist successful as he won the ballot to the state legislature, representing the 'Whig Party.'
In 1836, Lincoln moved to Springfield, Illinois where he enrolled himself to the bar and started practicing law nether John T. Stuart.
Lincoln's reputation as an able and efficient lawyer grew leaps and bounds. He became known for his tough and challenging cross-examinations and closing arguments. Over the years, Lincoln worked with a number of professional lawyers, including Stephen T. Logan and William Herndon.
Lincoln'southward political career was progressing steadily also. In his four years of successive term every bit a 'Whig' representative at the 'Illinois Firm of Representatives,' he was known for voicing against the perils of slavery. He regularly spoke for economic modernization in various sectors, including banking.
Rising popularity and great work earned Lincoln a seat in the 'U.S. Firm of Representative' in 1846, where he served a two-yr term. A truthful 'Whig' supporter, he stood by his party's policies and participated in all events. He fifty-fifty made speeches that emphasized on the abolition of slavery in the Commune of Columbia.
Every bit far as foreign and military policies are concerned, Lincoln was against 'Mexican-American State of war' and opposed the views of President Polk. Nonetheless, he supported the 'Wilmot Proviso' which was a proposal to ban slavery in territories acquired from Mexico. His stand up against the president earned him negative publicity and Lincoln lost political support within his district. Subsequently, he even earned the nickname 'spotty Lincoln.'
During the 1848 presidential elections, Lincoln supported General Zachary Taylor for the 'Whig' nomination. Though Taylor won the elections, Lincoln lost to Justin Butterfield, losing out on an opportunity to exist appointed commissioner of the 'General Land Office.' Instead, he was offered the position of a secretary or governor of the Oregon Territory. He refused the offer to resume his law practice.
Lincoln'south career as a lawyer was steadily growing as was his reputation and status. He even appeared before the 'Supreme Court' of the Usa. Out of his 175 appearances at the 'Illinois Supreme Court,' he stood every bit a sole counsellor on 51 occasions, out of which he won 31 times. His client list included big names from across the country.
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Piece of work on Anti-Slavery
While the northern states of US had banned slavery and were against the suppression of people belonging to the lower class or caste, the southern states and the newer territories in the Westward were yet to ban slavery. In order to bring about a modify in these territories, Lincoln made a comeback to his political career around the 1850s and strongly opposed the 'Kansas-Nebraska Deed.'
According to the 'Act,' Stephen Douglas had permitted the settlers to determine the fate of slavery in the new territory. Condemning the 'Act,' Lincoln argued that the national Congress had no role to play in the matter.
Lincoln'southward stand up against slavery was apparent in his 'Peoria speech' which he gave on Oct 16, 1854. In his speech, he condemned slavery due to the injustice that it represented and its deprival of equality of rights among men.
Lincoln ran for the seat at the U.s.a. Senate from Illinois in 1854. Though he was comfortably leading ahead of others in the beginning vi rounds, information technology was his stiff opposition to the 'Kansas–Nebraska Human activity' that led to his downfall as at that place was a split amongst the Whigs.
It was his take on anti-slavery along with an appeal for 'Free Soil' and 'Liberty' that shaped the new 'Republican Party.' At the 1856 'Republican National Convention,' Lincoln was second in the contest to become the party'southward candidate for vice president.
In 1858, Lincoln won the state Republic party'southward vote which nominated him for the Usa Senate. This gave ascent to a series of Lincoln-Douglas debates, which take earned the reputation of being the most popular debates in American history.
Lincoln and Stephen Douglas were dissimilar from each other in terms of their political outlook and physical appearance. While Lincoln advocated the abolition of slavery, Douglas promoted his 'Freeport Doctrine,' according to which local people of a item state were gratuitous to decide whether or not slavery should be good in their land.
Lincoln'southward 'Republican Party' won many votes, but the 'Autonomous Party' won many seats, thus re-electing Douglas to the Senate. Despite the loss, Lincoln was committed towards eradicating slavery from the nation.
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Entrada for Presidency
In 1860, a campaign was organized by the political operatives in Illinois which ran in support of Lincoln for the presidency. Interestingly, he surpassed well-known candidates, such equally William Seward of New York and Salmon P. Chase of Ohio at the 'Republican National Convention' in Chicago.
It was Lincoln's have on slavery and his support for national infrastructure and the protective tariff that won him the nomination and the subsequent popularity. He vanquish Southern Democrat Douglas, John C. Breckinridge of the Northern Democrat, and John Bell of the 'Constitution Political party' to make his mode to the almost coveted political position, garnering a full of 180 electoral votes out of 303.
Eventually, on November 6, 1860, Lincoln was elected as the 16th president of the U.s.a..
On March iv, 1861, he causeless the role and became the outset-ever president from the 'Republican Political party.' He selected a strong cabinet, which consisted of many of his political rivals, such as William Seward, Salmon P. Chase, Edward Bates, and Edwin Stanton.
Tenure as a President - Succession & Civil War
Lincoln entered the 'White House' after attaining maximum support from North and West. Withal, the Southward was enraged about the outcome and decided to withdraw itself from the Spousal relationship and form a split nation past the name 'Amalgamated States of America.'
Us included in the 'Confederate States of America' were South Carolina, Florida, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. Led by Jefferson Davis, these states were considered independent and sovereign.
Lincoln, however, in his countdown accost in March the following yr, refused to recognize the Confederacy, declaring the S'south secession illegal. Though there were attempts made to strike a compromise, Lincoln refused all such offers and stood by his stand for free-soil and slave-gratis states.
Equally much as Lincoln hated war, he had to live with it as secessionists were enraged by Lincoln'southward orders and declared war. To make things worse, other southern states like North Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, and Arkansas also joined the Amalgamated. They took hold of Fort Sumter, which eventually led to what is now termed as America's costliest and well-nigh deadly conflict.
Lincoln appointed troops to head towards Washington, D.C. to protect the majuscule. He withdrew $ii meg from the treasury for war cloth, called for 75,000 volunteers to join military service, and suspended the writ of habeas corpus, eventually arresting and imprisoning suspected Confederate sympathizers without a warrant. He also developed potent ties with the states around the edge and worked towards keeping the war from becoming an international conflict.
Crushing the opponent seemed difficult every bit Lincoln met dead end at all sides. While the Copperheads (Peace Democrats) felt that Lincoln was too stubborn on his stand for anti-slavery, Radical Republicans criticized him for moving slowly in abolishing slavery. To add to the woes, Lincoln faced defiance and vilification from generals, cabinet members, political party members, and a majority of the American people.
Lincoln kept a close eye on the progress of the war and was aware of every minute detail. He regularly consulted with the governors and kept close tabs on the military machine. His chief priorities concerning the war were based on two things – Washington should be well dedicated and an ambitious state of war should exist conducted for a prompt and decisive victory which would, in turn, satisfy the demand placed in the North.
General McClellan was appointed as the full general-in-principal for all the Union armies. Though the start year and a half proved to exist difficult due to the losses and support for the reunification of the nation, the victory at Antietam gave Lincoln some relief.
Meanwhile, midterm elections in 1862 brought bad news for the Lincoln-led government as the public had questioned the ability of the assistants and its failure to bring a quick end to the state of war. Other factors that acted against the government were inflation, new high taxes, rumors of corruption, intermission of habeas corpus, the armed services typhoon law, and the fear that freed slaves would undermine the labor market.
As for the war, Lincoln realized that the war could be ended if a string of victories was put together. After, Lincoln's administration was able to register success at the Charleston harbor and the 'Battle of Gettsyburg.'
Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln's idea of a slave-gratis nation was not just undermined by the South but by the Constitution equally well. As such, efforts made by the Federal regime lonely could non resolve the upshot.
To put an end to slavery, Lincoln offered the states compensated emancipation in return for their prohibition of slavery. He believed that this method would aid curtail slavery from within the roots.
Thus, the 'Second Confiscation Human action' was passed on July 1862, co-ordinate to which the slaves were guaranteed freedom. The main purpose of this act was to weaken the rebellious war that the opponents had brought about. Though Congress was not successful in permanently dissolving slavery, it did show support to liberate slaves endemic by slave owners.
Around the same time, Lincoln came up with the beginning typhoon of the 'Emancipation Announcement,' according to which he stated that all persons held as slaves in the Confederate states would be free and liberated.
'The Emancipation Proclamation' was officially issued on September 22, 1862, and came into practice on January 1, 1863. According to the annunciation, slaves belonging to the 10 states, which were non present in the Union, were declared free.
The next few months were spent preparing the regular army and the country for emancipation.
Abolition of slavery became a armed forces objective and to fulfill the same, the Union armies took some tough decisions. The more than they advanced towards the Due south, the more slaves were being freed and liberated. In a brusk time, as many every bit iii meg slaves were freed from Amalgamated territory.
One time costless, the slaves were taken in by the military machine, leading to an increase in the number of blackness recruitment. This was the original policy that the government had promised to deed upon after the issuance of the 'Emancipation Announcement.'
In 1863, Lincoln, his supporters, and the Republicans attained fractional victory. Emancipation of slaves had go a national state of war effort and a autonomous government which was of the people, by the people and for the people had evolved. Lincoln commented that the war was an try to bring in liberty and equality for all.
Re-Election & Re-Construction
With America's most mortiferous conflict, the 'Civil State of war,' and the unstable economical conditions, Lincoln's re-ballot as the president seemed to be uncertain. Nevertheless, a principal pol that he was, he worked difficult to strengthen the political party, fetched support for his policies, and worked towards ruining the Radicals' efforts to supervene upon him in the 1864 elections.
As a consequence of his efforts, Lincoln emerged victorious as he gained back up from all just three states. He as well received almost 78% of the Union soldiers' vote and had managed to win 212 out of the 233 electoral votes. On March four, 1865, Lincoln was officially sworn in as the president and gave his second inaugural address.
Post re-election, Lincoln made reintegration of the Southern states and reunification of the nation as the number one agenda on his to-do list. The administration of the Southern states was re-formed.
While Tennessee was under the guidance of General Andrew Johnson, General Frederick Steele was the military governor for Arkansas. General Nathaniel P. Banks upheld the plans of restoring the statehood in Louisiana.
Radical Republican Salmon P. Chase was named Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. He was chosen considering Lincoln believed that he would uphold his emancipation and paper coin policies.
Since slavery was abolished only in certain states, Lincoln pressurized the Congress to abolish slavery throughout the nation with the aid of a constitutional amendment.
The proposed constitutional amendment, that would abolish slavery completely, was brought before Congress, only failed to pass in its first attempt. Later, it became part of the Republican/Unionist platform and was somewhen passed in the 2nd meeting. The passed bill was side by side sent to the state legislatures for ratification. Afterwards, information technology became the 'Thirteenth Subpoena' of the 'Us Constitution' on December vi, 1865.
The surrender of Lee at the 'Appomattox Court Business firm' in Virginia, in Apr 1865, officially brought an end to the 'Civil State of war.' His surrender brought forth the surrender of several other rebel armies and leaders.
The unification of united states eventually gave rise to the term 'United States.' Though the 'Civil War' was the most hideous of conflicts in America, information technology did give rise to a singular name called 'The Us' for the unabridged land.
Lincoln was largely responsible for steering the American political system towards republicanism. He denounced secession every bit anarchy and strived towards exploring the true nature of democracy. Lincoln believed that majority rule had to be balanced by constitutional checks and limitations.
Other than this, Lincoln during his term of presidency vetoed four bills, the most important being the 'Wade-Davis Bill' which the Radicals had passed. Besides, he was behind the creation of the first U.S. income revenue enhancement, which was levied on incomes higher than $800. He was also responsible for the cosmos of a system of national banks through the 'National Banking Human activity.'
His Bump-off
Lincoln's assassinator, John Wilkes Booth, had contact with the Confederate secret service. It is believed that Booth initially planned to abduct Lincoln in exchange for the release of Confederate prisoners. Still, enraged by Lincoln's spoken communication of giving black people the right to vote and thus equal condition in the society, Booth resolved to assassinate him.
The tragic incident occurred during the screening of the play, 'Our American Cousin' at 'Ford's Theatre,' where Lincoln was present along with Clara Harris, Henry Rathbone, and Commencement Lady Mary Todd Lincoln. His primary bodyguard Ward Hill Lamon was not present and John Parker was one of four men detailed to act as Lincoln'south babysitter.
Joining the driver for drinks at the interval, Parker left Lincoln unguarded, a setting which Booth capitalized on. He shot Lincoln at point-blank range on his head, mortally wounding him. He then stabbed Major Henry Rathbone and escaped.
Although Lincoln was provided medical help by an Ground forces surgeon, Dr. Charles Leale, who was sitting nearby in the theatre, lack of breath and dropping pulse rate worsened the condition. Lincoln was taken to 'Petersen Business firm,' where he was in a coma for nine hours before succumbing on April 15, 1865.
Meanwhile, Booth was tracked down x days later on a subcontract in Virginia, some seventy miles south of Washington, D.C. He put up a brief fight, finally losing out to Sergeant Boston Corbett who killed him.
Lincoln'southward torso was wrapped in the flag and escorted to the 'White House' past Union officers. His coffin was first laid in the 'East Room' and subsequently in the 'Capitol Rotunda' from Apr 19 to April 21.
He fabricated his last journey alongside his son in the executive double-decker for 3 weeks from the 'White House' to Springfield, Illinois, stopping at diverse cities across the N. People gathered in huge numbers and paid their homage to the slap-up politician. The people paid homage by playing bands, starting bonfires, singing hymns, etc.
Lincoln was interred at the 'Oak Ridge Cemetery' in Springfield, Illinois, U.S. His tomb is called the 'Lincoln's Tomb.' Posthumously, Lincoln was honored past the Us and a memorial called 'Lincoln Memorial' was synthetic in Washington D. C. It is by far the most famous and visited memorials.
Personal Life & Legacy
Lincoln's first love was Ann Rutledge, whom he had met while relocating to New Orleans. The two shared a cordial relationship which ended abruptly following her decease from typhoid and fever on August 25, 1835.
He was involved in a human relationship with Mary Owens from Kentucky. Their human relationship was blissful and cordial while it lasted. Lincoln and Owens went their carve up ways as they had developed second thoughts well-nigh their relationship.
Lincoln met Mary Todd in December 1839. Todd came from a wealthy slave-holding family unit in Lexington, Kentucky. The two shared keen chemistry which led to their date the following year. Even so, Lincoln broke off the date, only to marry her on November 4, 1842.
The couple was blessed with four sons. Barring Robert Todd Lincoln, the eldest child, none of the children survived till adulthood. As parents, the Lincoln couple was noted for their lenient attitude. They were extremely fond of children and the death of their three children had a strong touch on their personal lives.
In Lincoln's memory, Lincoln'due south sculpture was unveiled at 'Mount Rushmore.' 'Ford Theatre' and 'Petersen House' in Washington, D.C. and the 'Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library' and 'Museum' located in Springfield, Illinois are other memorials dedicated to this proficient politician.
As a mark of respect, Lincoln's portrait appears on two denominations of the United States currency, penny and the $5 beak. What's more, there are many stamp stamps that bear his images.
Trivia
He was the showtime president to be born out of the thirteen states. Also, he was the first president to be born in Kentucky and the first to sport a beard.
He was the first Us president to exist assassinated.
He is the simply president to have a patent to his proper name. The patent was for a device which assisted in freeing the ships that would get aground in shallow waters.
Interestingly, dissimilar other presidents, he would keep all his important papers, mails, bankbook, and so on in his stovepipe lid. Probably, this is the reason why his hat was called his 'desk and memorandum book' and sometimes his 'filing cabinet.'
He is responsible for the establishment of 'Thanksgiving Day' in the Us of America. He declared the final Thursday in the month of November as 'Thanksgiving Day.' Until then, the day was historic sporadically and on irregular dates.
A homo with outstanding capability, he earned quite a few nicknames in his life, some of which are 'Honest Abe,' 'The Rails Splitter,' 'The Not bad Emancipator,' and 'Male parent Abraham.'
Source: https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/abraham-lincoln-7.php
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